واکاوی مفهوم جنون و تطبیق آن بر اهلیت و عدم اهلیت از منظر فقه و حقوق

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای حقوق خصوصی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 استاد حقوق، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و حقوق، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 استادیار حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

اساس قانونگذاری در حیطه سلامت روان و بیماران روان‌پزشکی، رعایت حقوق انسانی و مدنی بیماران است که لازمه این امر رسیدن به تعاریف مشترکی بین حقوق و روان­پزشکی است. مهم‌ترین مفهوم در این حوزه، جنون می‌باشد که در قانون مدنی عنوانی کلی است، درحالی‌که جنون در روان‌پزشکی معادل اختلال یا بیماری روانی است که دارای تعریفی دقیق‌تر بوده و اقسام و درجاتی دارد. به‌عبارت‌دیگر، جنون از نظر قانونگذار بیانی کلی است که در عین کلی بودن صرفاً به درجه‌دار بودن آن اشاره کوتاهی شده، درحالی‌که در جدیدترین نگاه علم روان‌پزشکی به این موضوع رویکرد پیوستاری (دارای درجات) مطرح شده است. باتوجه به فقدان چنین تعریف دقیقی در حقوق مدنی که می‌تواند باعث تضییع حقوق افراد دچار بیماری روان­پزشکی صرفاً به سبب داشتن بیماری شود، این پژوهش با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و به صورت توصیفی-تحلیلی به بررسی مفهوم جنون در فقه، حقوق و روان‌پزشکی و ارتباط آن با اهلیت پرداخته است. مطالعه حاضر با هدف واکاوی مفهوم جنون و اهلیت و تطبیق آن در سه حیطه روان‌پزشکی، حقوق و فقه سعی داشته به تعریف مشترکی دست یابد. در نهایت با بررسی قوانین و پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده به نظر می‌رسد رویکرد طیفی که قانونگذار در قانون مجازات اسلامی جدید در مورد جنون لحاظ کرده، می‌تواند در قانون مدنی نیز در راستای حمایت از حقوق بیمار روان‌پزشکی موردتوجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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