Laws and Regulations
National Artificial Intelligence Document
of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2024).
Criminal Procedure Law (2013).
Seventh Five-Year National Development Plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2024–2028).
National Data and Information Management Law (2022).
Executive Regulation on the Use of New Technologies in Judicial Proceedings (2025).
Directive on the Preservation of Human Dignity and Values (2019).
Directive on the Organization of Prisoners and Reduction of the Criminal Population (2019).
Directive on the Intelligent Transformation and Electronicization of Judicial Processes (2021).
Amarendar Reddy, A. (2022). “Privacy as a fundamental right: A case study on biometric data and facial recognition”. Journal of Constitutional Law, 12(4), pp. 1760–1778.
Avramovic, D. S., & Jovanov, I. D. (2023). “Ethical principles for trustworthy AI: A global perspective”. International Journal of Law and Technology, 15(2), pp. 155–170.
Bampasika, E., & Sadeghi, S. (2023). “Artificial intelligence as evidence in criminal trials”. [Journal name not provided]. (in Persian)
Bagaric, M., Hunter, D., & Stobbs, N. (2022). “Artificial intelligence in criminal justice: Balancing efficiency and fairness”. Criminal Law Review, 44(1), pp. 85–110.
Danielle, K. (2008). “The role of technology in judicial decision-making: Opportunities and risks”. Judicial Studies Journal, 30(5), pp. 1265–1280.
Elliott, M., & Soifer, E. (2022). “Privacy in the digital age: Legal and ethical considerations”. Global Privacy Law Review, 3(1), pp. 1–15.
Garrett, B. L., & Rudin, C. (2024). “Algorithmic transparency in criminal justice: Challenges and solutions”. Yale Law Journal, 133(3), pp. 550–580.
Hedges, R., Gottehrer, G., & Francis, J. C. (2020). “Artificial intelligence and due process: The COMPAS case revisited”. American Journal of Criminal Law, 47(1), pp. 1–20.
Hosseini, S. A., Abdolkhodai, Z., & Sharifkhani, M. (2023). “Application of artificial intelligence in judicial proceedings: Transparency challenges and solutions”. Judicial Law Perspectives Quarterly, 28(101), pp. 67–90. (in Persian)
Hosseini, S. M., Sabet Moghaddam, M., & Asgharnia, A. (2023). “Artificial intelligence in Iran’s judicial system: Legal and ethical frameworks”. Iranian Journal of Legal Studies, 5(2), pp. 75–90. (in Persian)
Hunter, D., Bagaric, M., & Stobbs, N. (2020). “Algorithm aversion in criminal justice: Psychological barriers to AI adoption”. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 38(4), pp. 750–765.
Kaplan, J., Smith, A., & Brown, L. (2023). “Predictive policing and algorithmic bias: A global perspective”. Journal of Criminology and Technology, 22(3), pp. 140–160.
Mirshkari, A., Sabetghadam, F., & Asgharnia, M. (2024). “An overview of artificial intelligence technology challenges in the field of privacy”. Journal of Cyber Law Studies, 12(3), pp. 71–89. (in Persian)
Ming, Z. (2022). “AI-assisted judicial decision-making: Opportunities and limitations”. Asian Journal of Law and Technology, 10(1), pp. 30–45.
Sourdin, T. (2018). “Technology and the future of judicial processes”. Law, Technology and Humans, 1(2), pp. 1115–1130.
Spiridonov, M. S. (2023). “AI in criminal justice: Transparency and accountability challenges”. Russian Journal of Legal Studies, 7(4), pp. 475–490.
Talapina, E. V. (2022). “Ethical AI in public administration: Mitigating discrimination risks”. European Journal of Administrative Law, 14(1), pp. 1–10.
Tumanyants, O., Tumanyants, A., Krytska, I., & Verkhoglyad-Gerasymenko, O. (2023). “Biometric data and privacy in criminal justice: Lessons from European case law”. European Human Rights Law Review, 25(2), pp. 135–150.
)