The Flow of “Negation of Gharar” on Unknown Conditions within a Contract from the Perspective of Imamiyya Jurisprudence

Document Type : Scientific Research

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Jurisprudence and Law, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

2 Ph.D. in Islamic Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

The term "Gharar" means that due to ambiguity in a transaction, one of the contracting parties is exposed to an irreversible loss. The effect of the principle of "Negation of Gharar" is the invalidity of contracts involving Gharar. However, regarding to apply the principle of “Negation of Gharar” to ambiguous conditions within a contract, two perspectives can be proposed. On one hand, a condition does not have an independent contractual nature, hence the Prophet's prohibition of Gharar does not apply to this category. On the other hand, a condition, is like a contract, a form of obligation, that is carried out within the framework of independent contracts; thus, it is debatable.
The findings of this research, which is library-based and conducted through an analytical method, showed that since, firstly, a condition is tied to “price and the object” of the contract and is considered part of the consideration, it has financial value; especially those conditions that represent the basic purpose of the individuals entering into the transaction. Therefore, an ambiguous condition within a contract, under the application of the principle of “Negation of Gharar”, is invalid. This conclusion could serve to address the gaps present in the Civil Code .

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Civil Law Knowledge
Volume 15, Issue 29 - Serial Number 29
September 2026
Pages 83-98

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