اصول حاکم بر اعتبار قراردادهای منعقدشده توسط هوش مصنوعی در حقوق ایران و انگلیس

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه حقوق خصوصی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه فقه و حقوق، واحد علوم تحقیقات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

10.30473/clk.2025.72951.3307

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با کاربست شیوه کیفی و روش تحلیلی - توصیفی، در صدد انجام مطالعه‌ای تطبیقی و پاسخ به این سؤال است که قراردادهای منعقدشده توسط هوش مصنوعی تحت چه شرایط و مبتنی بر چه اصولی از اعتبار در عرصه حقوق در دو نظام حقوقی ایران و انگلیس برخوردار هستند؟ یافته‌های این پژوهش مبیّن آن است که در هر دو نظام حقوقی مورد بررسی، اعتبار قراردادهای منعقدشده توسط هوش مصنوعی، تنها به این دلیل که به شکل ارتباط الکترونیکی مبادله شده است، مورد انکار نیست و با توجه به آنکه قراردادهای منعقدشده توسط هوش‌ مصنوعی در زمره قراردادهای منعقدشدۀ مبتنی بر رایانه است و نوع پیشرفته از قراردادهای الکترونیکی هوشمند تلقی می‌گردد که در هر دو نظام حقوقی ایران و انگلیس، مفاد «قانون تجارت الکترونیکی» و مفاد کنوانسیون راجع به استفاده از ارتباطات الکترونیکی در انعقاد قراردادهای بین­المللی موسوم به «آنسیترال» در خصوص آنها اعمال می‌شود، بنابراین قوانین حاکم بر قراردادهای الکترونیکی هوشمند را می‌توان بر قراردادهای منعقدشده توسط هوش مصنوعی تعمیم داد، البته مشروط بر اینکه در نظام حقوقی انگلیس، الزامات قانون عرفی برای تشکیل قرارداد رعایت شود که مشتمل است بر «قصد ایجاد روابط حقوقی از سوی طرفین»، «وجود توافق» و «قطعی و کامل بودن توافق» و در نظام حقوقی ایران، اثبات عقد یا عدم اثبات آن، ایجاب و قبول و نیز آثار وضعی و تکلیفی مترتب بر آن در گستره فقه امامیه و حقوق موضوعه حائز اهمیت و الزام است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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