تأثیر قرارداد تشکیل شرکت بر ممات شرکت تجاری

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، حقوق ثبت اسناد و املاک، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

ماهیت حقوقی شرکت تجاری را باید ماهیت دوگانه قراردادی- سازمانی محسوب کرد. از منظر تحلیل اقتصادی حقوق حتی باید قائل بر ارجحیت بُعد سازمانی بر بُعد قراردادی بود، اما در هر حال نمی‌توان ماهیت شرکت تجاری را فاقد جنبۀ قرارداد تصور کرد. همان­گونه که اساس­نامه و شرکت‌نامه به عنوان اسناد تشکیل شرکت، در ایجاد شرکت مؤثر هستند، مفاد آن می‌تواند در انحلال شرکت نیز تأثیرگذار باشند. تحقیق حاضر در تلاش است تا میزان تأثیر قرارداد شرکت بر انحلال آن را بررسی نماید. با وجود جنبه سازمانی شرکت تجاری همچنان اعمال اصل حاکمیت اراده در شرکت تجاری لازم است. در کنار موارد ضروری که قوانین آمره به لزوم درج آنها را در اسناد تشکیل شرکت اشاره کرده­اند، مؤسسان شرکت می­توانند شروط مشروع دیگری را در آن بگنجانند. شروطی مانند شرط فسخ یا انفساخ شرکت، احیای آن در دوره تصفیه و امکان تبدیل شرکت با اراده عدۀ دارای حدنصاب شرط، درصورتی که قصد اضرار در بین نباشد، پیش­بینی کرد، اما در هر حال نمی‌توان با توافق از موارد احصاشده انحلال شرکت کاست، ولی در چارچوب قواعد عمومی قراردادها، رعایت ذات شرکت تجاری و کارکرد آن، بر موارد انحلال شرکت افزود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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