نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
2 استادیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
یکی از اقسام شرط فعل، شرط ترک فعل حقوقی است که در آن انجام ندادن یک عمل حقوقی در ضمن عقد شرط میشود. در مورد ضمانت اجرایی تخلف از شرط فعل حقوقی منفی اختلاف نظر وجود دارد. بعضی معتقدند همان آثار امتناع از شرط فعل که قـانونگذار در مواد ۲۳۷ تا ۲۳۹ ق. م. مقرر کرده است، در اینجا نیز اعمال میشود. نظریات دیگر بطلان و یا عدم نفوذ عمل حقوقی است که شرط ترک آن شده است. در مورد ضمانت اجرایی تخلف از شرط ترک فعل حقوقی در ضمن عقد نکاح ، مثل شرط عدم ازدواج مجدد یا شرط عدم طلاق ...، نیز نظریات متفاوتی ارائه شده است. بعضی معتقدند عمل حقوقی خلاف شرط صحیح است و برای مشروط له حق فسخ ایجاد میشود، بعضی دیگر نیز نظریه عدم نفوذ یا بطلان را برگزیده و هر یک ادله خاص مطرح کردهاند. به نظر میرسد نظریه عدم نفوذ عمل حقوقی که شرط ترک آن شده، بهتر از سایر نظریات و قابلیت توجیه دارد، هر چند نظریه حق فسخ برای مشروط له خالی از وجه نیست.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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