تأملی بر کارایی نهاد داوری در تجارت خارجی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نجف آباد، نجف آباد، ایران.

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نجف آباد، نجف آباد، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه حقوق، واحد فراهان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، فراهان، ایران.

چکیده

داوری تجاری بین­المللی بدون شک مهم­ترین روش حل اختلافات در تجارت خارجی محسوب می­شود، اما چرا داوری در مقایسه با رجوع به دادگاه­های ملی توسعه بیشتری در تجارت خارجی پیدا کرده است و اینکه با توجه به دیدگاه اساتید حقوق اقتصادی به نهاد داوری به عنوان یک کالای عرضه­شده در بازار روش­های حل و فصل اختلافات، داوران با چه انگیزه­هایی و چگونه می­توانند ارزش بازاری خود را در این بازار افزایش دهند؟ یافته­های این تحقیق نشان می­دهد در رابطه با مدیریت کارآمد اختلافات در تجارت خارجی، هرچند مزیت­های نسبی داوری در مقایسه با دادگاه­های ملی در دهه­های متمادی مورد تأکید قرار گرفته، با این وجود از یک طرف در جهت جذب هر چه بیشتر استفاده­کنندگان در تجارت خارجی، رویکرد افزایش مطلوبیت دادگاه­های ملی مورد توجه واقع شده و از طرف دیگر، وقایع در حال اتفاق افتادن در جامعه داوری تجاری بین­المللی نشان می­دهد که تحلیل اراده داوران در صدور رأی، صرفاً بر اساس معیار «صدور تصمیم شایسته»، نمی­تواند انعکاس­دهنده حقایق داوری تجاری بین­المللی باشد.

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