معاملات اسناد تجاری در مواجهه با ورشکستگی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 استاد حقوق خصوصی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از اسناد مورد استفاده در فعالیت­های بازرگانی، اسناد تجاری )برات، سفته و چک( است. معاملات مربوط به اسناد تجاری با توجه به ارادی بودن عمل حقوقی و نظر به دوطرفه بودن ماهیت قراردادی دارند. ورشکستگی موجب ممنوعیت تاجر از معاملات مالی و از جمله معاملات اسناد تجاری است، لکن به دلیل ویژگی­های خاص این اسناد، اثر آن گاه متفاوت از معاملات دیگر است. مطابق قانون تجارت معاملات ورشکسته قبل از توقف در شرایطی موجد حق فسخ است، از توقف تا صدور حکم ورشکستگی برخی معاملات باطل و پس از صدور حکم نیز ممنوع است. در دوران‌های مزبور صدور، ظهرنویسی، ضمانت از چک، سفته و برات و همچنین قبولی برات با توجه به ویژگی‌های خاص چه آثار و رویکردی دارد؟ چنانچه قبل از توقف باشد و مشمول حق فسخ باشد چه اثری نسبت به تعهدات این اسناد دارد؟ از توقف تا صدور حکم اگر تعهد به موجب سند تجاری به صورت صلح محاباتی، هبه یا معاملات بلاعوض و یا به جهت پرداخت دین باشد، رویکرد بطلان تعهد ورشکسته چیست؟ آثار ممنوعیت معاملات ورشکسته نسبت به این اسناد چگونه است؟ پژوهش حاضر عهده­دار بررسی رویکرد حقوقی و آثار خاص ورشکستگی در ادوار مزبور در فروض مختلف نسبت به تعهدات ناشی از اسناد تجاری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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