امکان‌سنجی کاربست مالکیت در «ماه»

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات و معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران.

2 استاد گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات و معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.

چکیده

مالکیت ویژگی­ای است که در اثر هرگونه سلطه قانونی به وجود می­آید. آنچه تاکنون از این ویژگی گفته شده، در عرصه زمین بوده؛ در حالی که تلاش انسان برای حضور، فعالیت و زندگی در فضای خارج از زمین رو به افزایش است. همگام با این تلاش، بررسی جوانب گوناگون موضوع از دیدگاه حقوقی بیشتر اهمیت پیدا کرد. اگر زمانی جامعه جهانی با نگارش پیمان­های بین­المللی برای حضور انسان در فضا بسترسازی می­نمود، امروزه زوایای دقیق این حضور، نظریه­پردازی حقوقی در این عرصه را ناگزیر کرده است. یکی از این جوانب، کاربست «مالکیت» ماه است که معاهده فضای ماورای جو (1967) و موافقت­نامه ماه (1979)، «ماه» و منابع طبیعی آن را میراث مشترک بشریت دانسته و هرگونه ادعای مالکیت نسبت به آن را رد نمودند. در این نوشتار که به شیوه توصیفی ـ تحلیلی سامان یافته، بر بنیاد حقوق اسلامی و با توجه به اینکه تاکنون در عرصه بین­المللی نسبت به مالکیت «ماه» توافقی به دست نیامده، در راستای همگامی با روح معاهدات بین­المللی، جنبه رد مالکیت «ماه» پذیرفته شد.

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