کاوشی نو در باب منشاء دین در دعوی توقف تاجر

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بین‌الملل قشم، قشم، ایران.

2 استادیار دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بین‌الملل قشم، قشم، ایران.

چکیده

منشأ دین در دعوای ورشکستگی از موضوعات مورد مناقشه بین حقوقدانان بوده و این اختلاف عقیده در آرای محاکم نیز انعکاس یافته است. تعیین و شناخت منشأ دین و بررسی تأثیر آن در دعوای ورشکستگی در اصلاح نارسایی­ها و کاستی­ها و تسهیل کیفی­سازی فرایندها و در نهایت صدور آرای عادلانه از سوی دادگاه‌ها و رویه قضایی مثمرثمر است و بدین ترتیب کیفیت عدالت را بهبود می­بخشد. پدیده حقوقی «توقف از پرداخت دین» به دلیل عوامل اقتصادی ایجاد می‌شود، اما آثار حقوقی بر جای می‌گذارد. با توجه به قلمرو و ابعاد ناتوانی از پرداخت دین، دو نظام حقوقی اعسار و ورشکستگی، در نظام حقوقی ایران در نظر گرفته شده است. قانونگذار، واقعیات اقتصادی را در نهاد ورشکستگی بیشتر از اعسار در نظر گرفته است و همین موضوع باعث شده است. در برخی موارد، حقوق ورشکستگی از اصول کلی حقوقی و حقوق مدنی منحرف شود و حتی در مواردی که تجار، در پرداخت دیونی که جنبه تجاری ندارند، ناتوان هستند، تاجر را مکلف کرده تا مطابق مقررات قانون تجارت، رسیدگی به امر ورشکستگی خود را درخواست کند. مسیر قانونگذاری دلالت بر آن دارد که منشأ دین و ماهیت آن تأثیری در دعوای ورشکستگی ندارد. در نهایت به این هدف می­رسیم که تفکیکی بین دارایی تاجر صورت نمی­گیرد و این عقیده تقویت می­شود که بدون توجه به منشأ یا نوع دینی که حاصل شده است، صرف سلب قدرت پرداخت تاجر از پرداخت دین موجب تحقق ورشکستگی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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