Examining and Analyzing the Patterns Cited by Human Rights in International Investment Arbitration

Document Type : Scientific Research

Authors

1 Postdoctoral Researcher at Hakim Sabzevari University and Doctor of Law at Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Jurisprudence and Law, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Private Law, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.

Abstract

With the increase of legal pluralism in the contemporary international system, the interference of the areas of investment and human rights has increased. Therefore, the balance of these two areas is essential and this is nothing but encouraging investment and creating a balance in the investment environment based on human rights standards, which over time has shown itself in the investment arbitration jurisprudence. Is. In this article, it is tried based on the analysis of opinions in this field while identifying the limitations; Let's examine the common models of human rights citation in investment arbitration. Therefore, it seems that the existing legal procedure is vague, insufficient, contradictory and new. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the half-full glass based on the boldness of the proposal and the reference to human rights, and it cannot be denied that in many cases, the courts have an inherent desire for one-sided and biased arbitration in favor of the investment treaty. Of course, in this regard, the courts are afraid of leaving the jurisdiction and abuse of the host governments, and in this regard, the role of the citation of human rights based on the basic principles of international law and the framework of the investment treaty is very key for interpretation. The necessity of human rights action and The lack of other options must be proven in the court so that the judges can justify the violation of obligations based on that action.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

بهزادی پارسی، آرش؛ سیفی، جمال. (1398). رابطۀ میان حقوق سرمایه­گذار خارجی و تعهدات بین‌المللی حقوق بشر و محیط زیست. مجله حقوقی بین­المللی، شماره 61 (39) پاییز - زمستان، صص 43-74.
یروزی مندمی، فراز. (1395). جایگاه تعهدات حقوق بین­الملل بشر در معاهدات دوجانبه سرمایه­گذاری.  پژوهش حقوق عمومی، 18 (51)، صص 165-191.
رئیسی، لیلا؛ طهماسبی، مرضیه (1401). چالش­های پیش­روی توسعة حقوق بشر در حقوق بین­الملل سرمایه­گذاری. مطالعات حقوق تطبیقی معاصر، 13 (29)، صص91-122.
گراوند، فرشاد. (1399). حق بر آب در پیکرۀ حقوق بین‌الملل و حمایت از آن در داوری سرمایه­گذاری بین‌المللی. فصلنامه مطالعات حقوق عمومی دانشگاه تهران، (4) 50، صص1683-1705.
Alvarez, J. E. (1996). Critical Theory and the North American Free Trade Agreement’s Chapter Eleven. The University of Miami Inter-American Law Review, 28 (2), pp. 303–312.
Bruno Simma (2011). Foreign Investment Arbitration: A Place for Human Rights.  Int Comp Law Quart, 60(3), pp. 573- 585.
Bruno Simma and Theodore Kill (2009).  Harmonizing Investment Protection and International Human Rights: First Steps Towards a Methodology’ in Christina Binder and others (eds), International Investment Law for the 21st Century: Essays in Honour of Christoph Scheuer, pp. 678–707.
Caron, David (1990). The Nature of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal and the Evolving Structureof International Dispute Resolution. American Journal of International Law, 84 (1), pp. 104-156.
Comeaux, Paul & Stephen Kinsella. (1994). Reducing Political Risk in Developing Countries: Bilateral Investment Treaties, Stabilization Clauses, and MIGA & (and) OPIC Investment Insurance. New York Law School Journal of International & Comparative Law., No. 15, pp. 1-35.
Dolzer, R. Stevens, M. (1995). Bilateral Investment Treaties. The Hague; Boston: M. Nijhoff; Norwell, MA, U.S.A.: Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Gu & Weixia. (2005). Confidentiality Revisited: Blessing or Curse in International Commercial Arbitration?. AM. REV. INT’L ARB., 15, pp.1-30
Jorge Daniel Taillant and Jonathan Bonnitcha (2011). International Investment Law and Human Rights’ in Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger and others (eds). Sustainable Development in World Investment Law (Kluwer Law International).
Loukas Mistelis. (2000). Keeping the Unruly Horse in Control or Public Policy as a Bar to Enforcement of (Foreign) Arbitral Awards. 2 Int Law Forum Du Droit Int, p.248.
MacKenzie, Gregory (1993). ICSID Arbitration as a Strategy for Levelling the Playing Field Between International Non-Governmental Organizations and Host States. Syracuse J. Int'l L. & Com., 19, pp.197-230.
Monica Feria-Tinta (2017). Like Oil and Water? Human Rights in Investment Arbitration in the Wake of Philip Morris v. Uruguay. J Int Arb, 34(4), pp. 601- 605.
Peterson, L.E. (2010). International Investment Law and Media Disputes: A Complement to the WTO. Columbia FDI Perspective, 17(1), pp. 14, 17.
Pierre Mayer and Audley Sheppard. (2003). Final ILA Report on Public Policy as a Bar to Enforcement of International Arbitral Awards. Arb Int 19(2), pp. 249–263.
Redfern, Alan, Martin Hunter (2004). Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration. (Sweet & Maxwell).
Roberto Echandi. (2010). Bilateral Investment Treaties and Investment Provisions in Regional Trade Agreements’ in Katia Yanna-Small (ed). Arbitration under International Agreements, pp. 3–37.
Riddhi Dhananjay Joshi, Shashikala Gurpur. (2020). The Silent Spring of Human Rights in Investment Arbitration. Jurisprudence Constante through Case-Law Trajectory, Arbitration International, 36 (4), pp. 557–570.
Simma, B. (No date). Foreign Investment Arbitration: A Place for Human Rights?. International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 60(3), pp. 573-596.
Sheetal Narayanrao Shinde. (2018). Investment and Human Rights: Sensitising the Arbitration Mechanism to Protect Human Rights in the Host State. Indian J Arb Law, 7(2), pp.45-52.
Sornarajah, M. (2010). The International Law on Foreign Investment Law. Cambridge University Press, Third Edition.
Snodgrass, E. (2006). Protecting Investors Legitimate Expectations and Recognizing and Delimiting a General Principle. ICSID Rev, 31(1), pp.44-74.
Toral, Mehmet and Schultz, Thomas. (2010). The State, a Perpetual Respondent in Investment Arbitration? Some Unorthodox Considerations. The Backlash Against Investment Arbitration: Kluwer Law International, pp. 577-602.
Vadi, V. (2009). Fragmentation or Cohesion? Investment versus Cultural Protection Rules. Journal of World Investment and Trade, 10(4), pp. 573-600.
Vivian Kube and EU Petersmann (2016). Human Rights Law in International Investment Arbitration. Asian J WTO Int Health Law Policy, 11(1), pp.65-73.
Civil Law Knowledge
Volume 12, Issue 1 - Serial Number 23
September 2023
Pages 147-164

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics