p. 1−24
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s liability, iIn different legal systems various and sometimes vague approaches have been adopted various and sometimes vague approachesabout the bases of Freight Forwarder>s liability. This can be caused by a lack of international conventions, weak legislation and silence of regulations relating to the transport. This study is trying to examininge The bases of Freight Forwarder>s contractual liability on the two different approaches (Presumed-fault and Strict liability), and in different regulations, including regulations of FIATA , and secondarily on the Llaw of different countries like Iran, England, France, Belgium, Italy and Spain are examined. Finally, it is significant that the «Presumed-fault» as the minimum approach is acceptable, of course, exacerbate the bases of Freight Forwarder>s liability with regard to the specialized nature of this institution, is tenable. theThe research in this paper is a crossmethodology is descriptive and analytical.]]>
p. 59−68
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